1 Samuel 28:20

Authorized King James Version

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Then Saul fell straightway all along on the earth, and was sore afraid, because of the words of Samuel: and there was no strength in him; for he had eaten no bread all the day, nor all the night.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְמַהֵ֣ר straightway H4116
וַיְמַהֵ֣ר straightway
Strong's: H4116
Word #: 1 of 23
properly, to be liquid or flow easily, i.e., (by implication)
שָׁא֗וּל Then Saul H7586
שָׁא֗וּל Then Saul
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 2 of 23
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
וַיִּפֹּ֤ל fell H5307
וַיִּפֹּ֤ל fell
Strong's: H5307
Word #: 3 of 23
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
מְלֹא all H4393
מְלֹא all
Strong's: H4393
Word #: 4 of 23
fulness (literally or figuratively)
קֽוֹמָתוֹ֙ along H6967
קֽוֹמָתוֹ֙ along
Strong's: H6967
Word #: 5 of 23
height
אַ֔רְצָה on the earth H776
אַ֔רְצָה on the earth
Strong's: H776
Word #: 6 of 23
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
וַיִּרָ֥א afraid H3372
וַיִּרָ֥א afraid
Strong's: H3372
Word #: 7 of 23
to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten
מְאֹ֖ד and was sore H3966
מְאֹ֖ד and was sore
Strong's: H3966
Word #: 8 of 23
properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or
מִדִּבְרֵ֣י because of the words H1697
מִדִּבְרֵ֣י because of the words
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 9 of 23
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל of Samuel H8050
שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל of Samuel
Strong's: H8050
Word #: 10 of 23
shemuel, the name of three israelites
גַּם H1571
גַּם
Strong's: H1571
Word #: 11 of 23
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
כֹּ֙חַ֙ and there was no strength H3581
כֹּ֙חַ֙ and there was no strength
Strong's: H3581
Word #: 12 of 23
vigor, literally (force, in a good or a bad sense) or figuratively (capacity, means, produce)
לֹא H3808
לֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 13 of 23
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
הָ֣יָה H1961
הָ֣יָה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 14 of 23
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
ב֔וֹ H0
ב֔וֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 15 of 23
כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 16 of 23
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
לֹ֤א H3808
לֹ֤א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 17 of 23
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
אָכַל֙ in him for he had eaten H398
אָכַל֙ in him for he had eaten
Strong's: H398
Word #: 18 of 23
to eat (literally or figuratively)
לֶ֔חֶם no bread H3899
לֶ֔חֶם no bread
Strong's: H3899
Word #: 19 of 23
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 20 of 23
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַיּ֖וֹם all the day H3117
הַיּ֖וֹם all the day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 21 of 23
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 22 of 23
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ nor all the night H3915
הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ nor all the night
Strong's: H3915
Word #: 23 of 23
properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity

Analysis & Commentary

Saul's physical collapse ('fell straightway all along on the earth') mirrors his spiritual collapse throughout the chapter. The Hebrew 'nephal male-qomato artsah' (fell the full measure of his height to the ground) emphasizes his complete prostration. The combination of terror at Samuel's words and physical weakness from fasting leaves Saul utterly broken. The mighty warrior who once stood head and shoulders above Israel now lies face-down, defeated before battle begins. Physical strength without spiritual vitality proves worthless.

Historical Context

Saul's fasting may have been preparation for the forbidden ritual or simply the result of anxiety suppressing appetite. His complete physical collapse rendered him temporarily incapable of any action, including returning to his army or preparing for battle.

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